Menopause can lead to hot flashes or night sweats, and internal changes can increase the risk of more severe health issues that affect your heart, bones, and brain.
Some 2021 studies indicate that women who experience severe menopause symptoms may be more likely to have chronic health conditions later.
Research published in 2020 suggests that estrogen helps protect your heart and many other functions. As your ovaries stop working during menopause, estrogen levels drop significantly.
When estrogen levels decrease, blood vessels may become stiffer and more constricted. Your blood pressure may increase as a result. You’re also more likely to develop higher cholesterol, which can lead to a buildup of plaque inside the arteries. These conditions can put more strain on the heart.
According to a study that followed middle aged women for up to 20 years, those with persistent menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats, had a 50–77% increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Women who go through menopause earlier may also have a higher risk of heart disease.
Estrogen’s effect on your bones
Osteoporosis is a condition in which your bones become weak and brittle. Estrogen helps slow bone loss so that when levels drop during menopause, bone loss speeds up. As you age, your body may not create new bone as quickly as old bone tissue breaks down.
Osteoporosis makes it easier for bones to break. Fractures, especially in areas such as your hip, can cause:
- pain
- decreased mobility
- decreased quality of life
A 2014 study suggests that women who experience moderate to severe menopause symptoms have lower bone density and increased incidence of hip fractures.
Hormones and your mental health
Fluctuating hormone levels during menopause can also affect your mental health. Mood swings, anxiety, and depression can result from drops in estrogen. Sleep disturbances are common during menopause and can worsen mental health conditions.
Research published in 2021 suggests that low estrogen may play a role in cognitive decline and dementia.
A 2016 study examined electronic records of women who were transitioning to menopause. The research found that women who were highly symptomatic during menopause had an increased risk of developing mental health disorders.
Addressing your menopause symptoms
If you’re approaching or are in menopause, you don’t have to resign yourself to discomfort. A healthcare professional can help you manage symptoms, examine your risks for developing related health conditions, and focus on disease prevention.
Lifestyle changes and treatments include:
- Moving your body: Regular physical activity can strengthen your bones and heart and help you feel better. Talk with your doctor about incorporating cardiovascular exercise and strength training.
- Quitting smoke if you smoke: Smoking adversely affects your bones and heart. Smoking can also worsen menopause symptoms.
- Eating a balanced diet: A diet your doctor or a nutritionist recommends can help you reach or maintain a moderate weight. Your meals should provide essential nutrients, like calcium and vitamin D. Also, moderating salt and fat intake can help you manage your blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Incorporating medications or supplements: Your doctor may suggest calcium or vitamin D supplements in addition to a diet plan. Drugs, such as bisphosphonates, may be prescribed to treat osteoporosis. Some antidepressants, seizure medications, or blood pressure medications can also treat hot flashes.
- Considering hormone therapy: Medication to replace lowered hormones may help reduce menopause symptoms and decrease risks of osteoporosis.
The correct treatment will vary depending on your symptoms, age, how long you’ve been in menopause, and your overall health. However, the goal of treatment remains the same — to help you feel better and avoid long-term health complications.