Medications are often among the first treatment options for various medical conditions. However, sometimes, a drug may not work for some people. Or, a drug may work for a time and then stop working. This common concern can feel frustrating, especially for people living with chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease.
Newer classes of medications offer treatment options people can use when older treatments don’t provide the results people need. A new category of drugs, known as biologics, come from natural sources, including tissues and cells from humans, animals, or microorganisms.
Crohn’s disease most often affects the small intestine and a portion of the large intestine. The number of people worldwide with Crohn’s disease diagnoses is growing, but so are available treatment options. Biologics may help manage symptoms and promote intestinal healing so you can feel better.
Understanding biologics for Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease causes gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Doctors don’t know the exact cause of Crohn’s disease, but evidence suggests immune system involvement. Treatment can prevent intestinal damage from inflammation. Surgery may be necessary to manage symptoms and remove damaged tissue.
Biologics can target proteins that promote immune system inflammation. By acting on these proteins, they may reduce Crohn’s disease symptoms, including gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Biologics may be a good option if traditional therapy is ineffective at managing Crohn’s disease symptoms.
Side effects of biologics
As with any medication, side effects can occur when taking biologics. Common side effects include injection site reactions, fatigue, and mild flu-like symptoms. Some people taking biologics may be more likely to develop infections or liver conditions. They may also have a higher chance of getting cancer, but this complication is rare.
Before starting any biologic medication, consider talking with your doctor to understand your risks. You may undergo testing for certain infections before starting biologics, and once you begin treatment, you may want to take precautions to avoid infectious diseases.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved several biologic drugs for treating Crohn’s disease. Research shows that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, such as infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), and certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), can be effective in managing symptoms and promoting disease remission.
Additionally, integrin receptor antagonists like vedolizumab (Entyvio) and ustekinumab (Stelara) target different immune system pathways, offering alternative options for people who may not experience effective responses to TNF inhibitors.
Questions to ask your doctor before starting biologics
Before you try a biologic, talk with your doctor about these drugs. A conversation with your doctor can give you the information you need to make the right decision for you. Here are some key questions to consider asking your doctor if you’re thinking about taking a biologic:
- Could a biologic help you better manage Crohn’s disease? Comparing your current treatment to biologic therapy highlights the specific benefits biologics may offer based on your unique medical and disease history.
- What are the potential risks and side effects of the recommended biologic? Knowing the possible side effects can allow you to make an informed decision and monitor for symptoms that might need medical attention.
- How will the doctor give the treatment, and what is the treatment schedule? Doctors can provide biologics through injections or intravenous infusions. Knowing how you may receive the drug can help you prepare for the treatment process and incorporate it into your routine.
- Are there lifestyle changes or precautions to take while taking biologic therapy? Your doctor can tell you how the medication may affect your daily activities. This information can help you manage potential challenges before they occur and maintain your health.
- How often will you need to follow up with your doctor to assess the effectiveness of the biologic? Regular doctor’s appointments are crucial to check your response to treatment and address any concerns promptly. Your doctor can help you establish a follow-up schedule.
Understanding the available biologic drugs, potential side effects, and the benefits biologics bring can empower you to make informed decisions about your treatment.